Bài tập cuối chương 3 lớp 9 (có lời giải)

a) Ta có $\sqrt {\frac{9}{{16}}:\frac{{25}}{{36}}} - \sqrt {\frac{{49}}{8}} :\sqrt {3\frac{1}{8}} = \sqrt {\frac{9}{{16}}:\frac{{25}}{{36}}} - \sqrt {\frac{{49}}{8}:\frac{{25}}{8}} = \frac{3}{4}:\frac{5}{6} - \sqrt {\frac{{49}}{{25}}} = \frac{9}{{10}} - \frac{7}{5} = - \frac{1}{2}.$

b) $\sqrt {{{45{,}8}^2} - {{44{,}2}^2}} - \sqrt {6\left[ {{{(\sqrt 2 + 1)}^2} + {{(\sqrt 2 - 1)}^2}} \right]} = \sqrt {1{,}6.90} - \sqrt {6.6} = 4.3 - 6 = 6.$

Lời giải

$\begin{array}{l}a)\;\frac{1}{{34}}\sqrt {\frac{{{{165}^2} - {{124}^2}}}{{164}}} + 4\sqrt {\frac{{32}}{{{{176}^2} - {{112}^2}}}} = \frac{1}{{34}}\sqrt {\frac{{41.289}}{{164}}} + 4\sqrt {\frac{{32}}{{64.288}}} = \frac{1}{{34}}\sqrt {\frac{{289}}{4}} + 4\sqrt {\frac{1}{{576}}} \\ = \frac{1}{{34}} \cdot \frac{{17}}{2} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{{24}} = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} = \frac{5}{{12}}\end{array}$

b) $\frac{{5\left( {\sqrt 6 - 1} \right)}}{{\sqrt 6 + 1}} + \frac{{\sqrt 2 - \sqrt 3 }}{{\sqrt 2 + \sqrt 3 }} = \frac{{5{{(\sqrt 6 - 1)}^2}}}{{6 - 1}} + \frac{{{{(\sqrt 2 - \sqrt 3 )}^2}}}{{2 - 3}} = 7 - 2\sqrt 6 - 5 + 2\sqrt 6 = 2.$

a) Ta có $\frac{{3 + 3\sqrt 5 - \sqrt 2 - \sqrt {10} }}{{6 + 2\sqrt 5 }} = \frac{{3\left( {1 + \sqrt 5 } \right) - \sqrt 2 \left( {1 + \sqrt 5 } \right)}}{{{{(1 + \sqrt 5 )}^2}}} = \frac{{\left( {1 + \sqrt 5 } \right)\left( {3 - \sqrt 2 } \right)}}{{{{(1 + \sqrt 5 )}^2}}} = \frac{{3 - \sqrt 2 }}{{1 + \sqrt 5 }}.$
b) $\frac{{x\sqrt x + x\sqrt y - y\sqrt x - y\sqrt y }}{{x - y + y\sqrt x - y\sqrt y }} = \frac{{x\left( {\sqrt x + \sqrt y } \right) - y\left( {\sqrt x + \sqrt y } \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - \sqrt y } \right)\left( {\sqrt x + \sqrt y } \right) + y\left( {\sqrt x - \sqrt y } \right)}} = \frac{{\left( {\sqrt x + \sqrt y } \right)\left( {x - y} \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - \sqrt y } \right)\left( {\sqrt x + \sqrt y + y} \right)}}$

$= \frac{{{{(\sqrt x + \sqrt y )}^2}\left( {\sqrt x - \sqrt y } \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - \sqrt y } \right)\left( {\sqrt x + \sqrt y + y} \right)}} = \frac{{{{(\sqrt x + \sqrt y )}^2}}}{{\sqrt x + \sqrt y + y}}$. Điều kiện $x \ge 0;y \ge 0;x \ne y$.

Điều kiện : $x \ge 0;x \ne 4;x \ne 9$. Khi đó ta có

$P = \frac{{2\sqrt x - 9}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 2} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} - \frac{{\sqrt x + 3}}{{\sqrt x - 2}} - \frac{{2\sqrt x + 1}}{{3 - \sqrt x }} = \frac{{2\sqrt x - 9 - \left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right) + \left( {2\sqrt x + 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 2} \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 2} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}}$

$= \frac{{2\sqrt x - 9 - x + 9 + 2x - 4\sqrt x + \sqrt x - 2}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 2} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} = \frac{{x - \sqrt x - 2}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 2} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} = \frac{{\left( {\sqrt x + 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 2} \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 2} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} = \frac{{\sqrt x + 1}}{{\sqrt x - 3}}$

a) Điều kiện : $x \ge 0;x \ne 9$. Khi đó ta có

$P = \frac{{2\sqrt x \left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right) + \left( {\sqrt x + 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right) - 3 + 11\sqrt x }}{{\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} = \frac{{2x - 6\sqrt x + x + 4\sqrt x + 3 - 3 + 11\sqrt x }}{{\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}}$

$= \frac{{3x + 9\sqrt x }}{{\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} = \frac{{3\sqrt x \left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} = \frac{{3\sqrt x }}{{\sqrt x - 3}}$

b) Ta có $x = \frac{{7 + 4\sqrt 3 }}{4} = {\left( {\frac{{2 + \sqrt 3 }}{2}} \right)^2} \Rightarrow \sqrt x = \frac{{2 + \sqrt 3 }}{2}$.
Do đó ${\rm{P}} = \frac{{3 \cdot \frac{{2 + \sqrt 3 }}{2}}}{{\frac{{2 + \sqrt 3 }}{2} - 3}} = \frac{{6 + 3\sqrt 3 }}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{{\sqrt 3 - 4}}$$= \frac{{6 + 3\sqrt 3 }}{{\sqrt 3 - 4}} = \frac{{\left( {6 + 3\sqrt 3 } \right)\left( {\sqrt 3 + 4} \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 4} \right)\left( {\sqrt 3 + 4} \right)}}\; = \frac{{6\sqrt 3 + 24 + 9 + 12\sqrt 3 }}{{3 - 16}} = \frac{{ - \left( {33 + 18\sqrt 3 } \right)}}{{13}}\begin{array}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr}{}&\;\\{}&.\end{array}$