Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
[I] Counter-urbanisation, which refers to the process of people moving from urban areas to rural regions, has become an increasingly common phenomenon in Vietnam in recent years. [II] This emerging trend offers both opportunities and challenges for the country as a whole. [III] While it presents several advantages, it also brings about potential problems that require careful consideration. [IV]
There are several positive aspects of counter-urbanisation that can benefit both urban and rural areas. The migration of people from major cities to the countryside helps alleviate urban problems such as overcrowding, traffic congestion, and pollution. Moreover, the increasing rural population creates opportunities for local economic growth by encouraging investment in infrastructure and businesses. As more people settle in rural areas, these regions often experience improved development, which can lead to better living standards for the local population. This shift can also help balance population density between cities and rural areas, reducing the strain on urban resources.
On the other hand, counter-urbanisation also poses significant challenges, particularly for rural areas. Many rural regions lack essential facilities such as medical services, schools, and reliable public transportation, making it difficult for newcomers to settle in. This sudden population increase can put additional pressure on the existing infrastructure and services. Environmental concerns also arise, as deforestation, pollution, and other ecological issues often result from increased human activities in previously undeveloped areas. Such challenges highlight the need for careful planning and management to ensure sustainable development.
In conclusion, counter-urbanisation is a growing trend that comes with both benefits and drawbacks. To fully maximise its potential, local governments and communities must work together to address the challenges it presents. Investments in rural infrastructure, public services, and environmental conservation are essential to create a balanced and sustainable approach. By managing these issues effectively, counter-urbanisation can contribute to economic growth, reduce urban pressure, and improve the quality of life in both urban and rural areas.