Read a text about calories. Choose the best answer to each of the questions.
CALORIES
A calorie, usually associated with food items, is a unit of energy or heat. Nearly every kind of food and drink product contains calories, and some may have more calories than others. Calories are important as they contain the energy needed for a human to survive, including breathing, moving and pumping blood. Humans need to eat in order to get energy from the calories in their daily food, so they eat all types of foods with a wide variety of ingredients, vitamins, nutrients, and other substances that are helpful for the body.
Recently, people have paid more attention to the number of calories, which is measured by how much potential energy the food contains. For example, 1 gram of carbohydrates or 1 gram of protein has 4 calories while a gram of fat has 9 calories. Therefore, a person can determine the amount of energy based on the number of carbohydrates, fats and proteins that the food product contains.
Each person also has a different number of calories needed although approximately 2000 calories are suggested as the average number for most adults per day. The numbers of calories that people need each day differs depending on their height, muscles, gender, age, and activity level. If a person takes in more calories than needed, that person will often become overweight. In contrast, if a person does not get enough calories needed for their body, they will usually lose weight. Hence, counting calories is a good way to help people reach and maintain their weight and fitness goals, as it involves tracking how much energy is going into the body each day.